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|image = Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg |order = 5th |office = President of Egypt |vicepresident = Mahmoud Mekki |primeminister = Kamal Ganzouri Hesham Qandil |term_start = 30 June 2012 |term_end = 3 July 2013 |predecessor = Hosni Mubarak Mohamed Hussein Tantawi |successor = Adly Mansour |office1 = Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement |term_start1 = 30 June 2012 |term_end1 = 30 August 2012 |predecessor1 = Mohamed Hussein Tantawi |successor1 = Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |office2 = Chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party |term_start2 = 30 April 2011 |term_end2 = 24 June 2012 |predecessor2 = Position established |successor2 = Saad El-Katatni |office3 = Member of the People's Assembly |term_start3 = 1 December 2000 |term_end3 = 12 December 2005 |predecessor3 = Numan Gumaa |successor3 = Mahmoud Abaza |birth_date = |birth_place = El-Adwah, Sharqia Governorate, Kingdom of Egypt |death_date = |death_place = |party = Freedom and Justice Party |otherparty = Muslim Brotherhood |spouse = |children = 5 |alma_mater = Cairo University University of Southern California |religion = Islam |signature = Muhammed Morsi Signature.png}} Mohamed Morsi〔The spellings of his first and last names vary. A (survey of 14 news organizations plus Wikipedia in July 2013 ) found that 11 used "Mohamed" and four used "Mohammed"; nine used "Morsi", five used "Mursi", and one used "Morsy". The official Egypt State Information Service uses both "Morsi" and "Morsy".〕 ((アラビア語:محمد محمد مرسى عيسى العياط), ALA-LC: ''Muḥammad Muḥammad Mursī ‘Īsá al-‘Ayyāṭ, ''; born 8 August 1951) is an Egyptian politician who served as the fifth President of Egypt, from 30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013, when he was removed by army chief General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi after the June 2013 Egyptian protests and the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état. He was the first democratically elected head of state in Egyptian history. Mohamed Morsi was educated in Egyptian public schools and universities; he was later granted a scholarship from the Egyptian government to prepare for a Ph.D. degree in the United States. Morsi was a Member of Parliament in the People's Assembly of Egypt from 2000 to 2005, and a leading member in the Muslim Brotherhood. He became Chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) when it was founded by the Muslim Brotherhood in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian revolution after escaping from prison. He stood as the FJP's candidate for the May–June 2012 presidential election. Morsi's victory in the presidential election was announced on 24 June 2012〔Abigail Hauslohner, "(Egypt protests: President Morsi removed by army, reportedly put under house arrest )", ''Toronto Star'', 3 July 2013.〕〔Ashraf Khalil, "()", ''Time'', 3 July 2013.〕〔Josh Lederman and Matthew Lee",(Obama urges return of civilian government in Egypt, orders review of US aid to Cairo )", ''Edmonton Journal'', 3 July 2013.〕 after he won the run-off election, winning 51.7 percent of the vote against Ahmed Shafik, deposed leader Hosni Mubarak's last prime minister. As president, Morsi issued a temporary constitutional declaration in late November that in effect granted him unlimited powers and the power to legislate without judicial oversight or review of his acts, stating that such a move was necessary in order for him to protect the nation from the Mubarak-era power structure, which he called "remnants of the old regime" ((アラビア語:فلول), ALA-LC: ''fulūl''). The temporary constitutional declaration was called for a referendum, an act that his opponents called an "Islamist coup". These issues, along with complaints of prosecutions of journalists and attacks on nonviolent demonstrators, brought hundreds of thousands of protesters to the streets in the 2012 Egyptian protests. On 30 June 2013, protests erupted across Egypt, which saw protesters calling for the president's resignation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Millions March in Egyptian Protests )〕 In response to the events, Morsi was given a 48-hour ultimatum by the military to meet their demands and to resolve political differences, or else they would intervene by "implementing their own road map" for the country.〔Abdelaziz, Salma (1 July 2013). "(Egyptian military issues warning over protests )". CNN. Retrieved 1 July 2013.〕 He was unseated on 3 July by a military coup council consisting of Defense Minister Abdul Fatah al-Sisi, opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei, the Grand Imam of Al Azhar Ahmed el-Tayeb, and Coptic Pope Tawadros II.〔 〕 The military suspended the constitution, established a new administration headed by the chief justice, and initiated a "brutal" crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood. Morsi was then detained since the coup to an unknown place, which turned out to be a military base in Alexandria according to an audio leak from Sisi's office that leaked months after Morsi appeared in court. The phone leak is a conversation between government officials conspiring to forge Morsi´s detention place to appear as a prison that is tied to the Interior Ministry rather than being a Military base. According to the alleged leak, detaining Morsi in a military base was illegal and could void the case. Activists used old and current Satellite images to look for the change the leak mentioned. Images verified that the site was recently altered to cut the detention place out of the military base, as if it was a separate building (where a sign was then placed to say that the building belongs to Interior Ministry as the leak suggested. On 1 September 2013, prosecutors referred Morsi to trial on charges of inciting deadly violence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/85409.aspx )〕 He also faced trial for espionage, escaping prison during the 2011 revolution prior to being elected president, leaking classified documents to Qatar, in addition to "insulting the judiciary".〔〔 On 21 April 2015, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison but acquitted of murder, for inciting deadly violence. On 16 May 2015, he was issued a preliminary death sentence for his role in the Wadi el-Natrun prison break during the 2011 revolution, which was confirmed by the court on 16 June 2015.〔http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/132900/Egypt/Politics-/Cairo-court-issues-death-sentence-on-ousted-presid.aspx〕 A separate court also sentenced him to life imprisonment earlier the same day for espionage.〔http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/132897/Egypt/Politics-/Ousted-president-Morsi-jailed-for-life-in-espionag.aspx〕 The verdicts for leaking classified documents to Qatar and insulting the judiciary are still pending, with all verdicts eligible for appeal.〔http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/132928/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-court-upholds-death-sentence-against-expresi.aspx〕 ==Early life and education== Mohamed Morsi was born in the Sharqia Governorate, in northern Egypt, of modest provincial origin, in the village of El-Adwah, north of Cairo, on 8 August 1951. His father was a farmer and his mother a housewife.〔 He is the eldest of five brothers, and told journalists that he remembers being taken to school on the back of a donkey. In the late 1960s, he moved to Cairo to study at Cairo University, and earned a BA in engineering with high honors in 1975. He fulfilled his military service in the Egyptian Army from 1975 to 1976, serving in the chemical warfare unit. He then resumed his studies at Cairo University and earned an MS in metallurgical engineering in 1978.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Who is Mohamed Morsi? - Presidential elections news - Presidential elections 2012 - Ahram Online )〕 Morsi then earned a government scholarship that enabled him to study in the United States. He received a PhD in materials science from the University of Southern California in 1982 with his dissertation In 2013, Morsi was awarded an honorary PhD by the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), in a ceremony held at the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering NUST in Islamabad, Pakistan, on 18 March 2013. The degree was awarded in recognition of his achievements and significant contribution toward the promotion of peace and harmony in the world and for strengthening bilateral relations with other Muslim countries, especially Pakistan. Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf, as Chancellor of the University, conferred the degree on Morsi together with the Rector of NUST, Muhammad Asghar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohamed Morsi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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